CO2 Compression and Liquefaction
Compression and Liquefaction systems for CO₂ conditioning are well-established technologies, widely deployed by numerous industrial players across a broad range of scales, from small modular units to large-scale facilities. These systems are designed to adjust the physical properties of captured CO₂ to meet the specifications required by end-users, whether for geological storage, pipeline transport, or utilization in chemical processes.
The process typically involves multi-stage compression followed by controlled cooling to achieve the desired pressure and phase conditions for safe and efficient handling.
The CO₂ conditioning process on an industrial site involves a sequence of operations designed to purify, compress, dry, liquefy, and store carbon dioxide in a form suitable for reuse or sequestration.
1. Purification:
Raw CO₂ is first routed through a purification unit to remove impurities such as sulphur compounds, hydrocarbons, and moisture. This is typically achieved using a combination of adsorption and catalytic oxidation processes.
2. Compression:
The purified CO₂ is then compressed in multi-stage compressors to increase its pressure to the desired level for downstream processing. Intercoolers are used between stages to reduce the gas temperature and improve compression efficiency.
3. Drying:
Following compression, the CO₂ is passed through a drying system, which often includes a temperature swing adsorption (TSA) or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit. This step ensures the removal of residual water vapor to prevent hydrate formation and corrosion in subsequent stages.
4. Liquefaction:
The high-pressure dry CO₂ is cooled below its critical temperature in a liquefaction unit, typically using refrigeration cycles or heat exchangers. This transforms the gas into a liquid phase, facilitating handling and storage.
5. Storage:
Finally, the liquefied CO₂ is transferred into insulated cryogenic storage tanks maintained at low temperatures and high pressures. These tanks are equipped with safety valves and monitoring systems to ensure safe long-term containment.
CO2 Compression, liquefaction and storage unit
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